The jumping problem you have is related to the new chain on the old sprocket. chains and sprockets wear in together and when a new chain is fitted it will jump on the higher ratios as they have less teeth. If you can put up with it for a few miles the new chain will eventually bed in and stop jumping. Simplest fix is to just replace the rear sprockets/freewheel with a new set and it should be fine.

If you replace both at the same time its worth buying a chain wear tool too. Its a simple device that allows you to see how worn your chain is. If you keep an eye on the chain and replace it when ever its showing wear you wont have to replace the rear sprockets each time.

http://www.rohloff.de/en/products/caliber_2/index.html